Ming Dynasty: Teaching The Prince Dragon-Slaying Skills At The Beginning

Chapter 785: The Jenny Textile Machine Appeared Four Hundred Years Ago, And The Industrial Revolutio

After talking about the three major contradictions, Yan Changqing's eyes fell on King Yan Zhu Di and said with a smile:

"The method of returning land and acres to national ownership has been explained before, so I won't repeat it again."

King Yan Zhu Di also nodded slightly to express his understanding.

Then Yan Changqing's eyes skipped over Zhou Wang Zhu Zhen, who was fishing, and turned to Chu Wang Zhu Zhen. While writing "Increase social productivity" on the blackboard, he said:

"What His Royal Highness the King of Chu said about 'increasing research on the cultivation of high-yield grain seeds in agricultural colleges' can actually be said to be to increase the upper limit of the land's population carrying capacity by increasing social productivity."

"The so-called 'increasing social productivity', for example, originally used a stone hoe to cultivate one acre of land a day, and the average yield per acre of crops and grains planted was one stone. In the end, this person The harvest yields one stone of grain.

"So if one person plows with an iron plow and oxen, he can probably cultivate three acres of fields in one day. The average yield of crops and grains per mu remains unchanged, but the number of cultivated fields increases, so that this person will eventually be able to cultivate three acres of fields. Harvest grain yield increased to three stones."

"The improvement in production efficiency brought about by this kind of farming method, or the advancement of production methods, and the process of increasing food output from one stone to three stone, is called the improvement of social productivity!"

"For another example, if there was only one person farming before, but now there are two people farming at the same time, then the farming method remains unchanged and the average yield of crops and grains per mu remains unchanged.

"In the end, it took half a day to cultivate three acres of fields, or it took one day to cultivate six acres of fields. In the end, the two of them harvested six stones of grain."

"This increase in labor force, or the increase in production labor force, has led to an increase in production efficiency, which has greatly shortened production time, or increased grain output from three shi to six shi. This process is also called Improvement of social productivity!”

"For another example, there is still only one person farming using iron plows and oxen, but the crops and grains planted have been replaced by high-yield crops and grains with a yield of ten stones per mu.

In the end, the man harvested ten shi of grain. "

"The improvement in production output brought about by the improvement of crops and grains is also a manifestation of the improvement of social productivity."

Yan Changqing wrote several subtitles under "Improving social productivity", "Improving production methods", "Increasing production labor force", and "Increasing production output".

Listening to Yan Changqing's explanation, Zhu Yuanzhang, Empress Ma, and the princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes easily understood the respective meanings of improving production methods, increasing production labor force, and increasing production output.

"Among them, improving production methods is what the Wanmin Academy of Sciences is mainly doing now and in the future."

"For example, according to the "Agricultural Book" left by Wang Zhen in the past, craftsmen from the Academy of Sciences have successfully reproduced the large spinning wheel and the large water-spinning spinning wheel."

"The large spinning wheel can spin thirty-two yarns at the same time. Driven by human or animal power, it can spin nearly one hundred and twenty kilograms of cotton yarn in one day."

"The large water-spun spinning wheel borrows water power, thereby replacing the original human or animal power, and can do it day and night."

"If the large spinning wheel and the large water-spun spinning wheel can be promoted all over the world, it will definitely save a lot of manpower originally required for weaving."

"Then the saved human resources can be devoted to other affairs."

Yan Changqing wrote "big spinning wheel" and "water-turned big spinning wheel" after "Improved production methods" with a faint sigh in his tone.

Even in his previous life, few people knew about the big spinning wheel and the big spinning wheel turned by water.

But if we talk about Jenny spinning looms and water-powered looms, then it is estimated that anyone who attended Yan Changqing's nine years of compulsory education in his previous life may have some impression of it.

After all, as the beginning of the first industrial revolution, the Jenny Textile Machine, it is recorded in history textbooks and has pictures.

The principle of the Jenny spinning machine is actually very simple. It is to change the original single horizontal spindle into a new spinning machine with a spinning wheel driving eight vertical spindles. In this way, the efficiency is increased by eight times. .

When mentioning the Jenny loom of the first industrial revolution, water-powered looms are often mentioned in passing.

Because although the efficiency of the Jenny loom has increased eight times, it is still driven by human or animal power, while the hydraulic loom is further driven by water power, which is a great improvement in comparison.

And machines like the Jenny loom and the water-powered loom, hadn’t China invented it before?!!

The answer is yes!!!

After all, when it comes to textiles, Hanxia is the ancestor of the world!!!

As early as in the "Wang Zhen Nong Shu" written by Wang Zhen of the Yuan Dynasty in the past, it was recorded that a large spinning wheel with higher production efficiency and more advanced principles than the Jenny spinning machine!

In terms of production efficiency, the large spinning wheel can spin thirty-two yarns at the same time. Driven by human or animal power, it can spin nearly one hundred and twenty kilograms of cotton yarn in one day, which can be said to be four times the production efficiency of the Jenny spinning machine!

In terms of the basic principles of spinning, in addition to the latest air-jet spinning, the mechanical form of modern machine spinning is still inseparable from the spindle and its transmission. It is just because of the large mechanical power, the number of spindles is more, and the speed is faster.

Compared with the large spinning wheel recorded by Wang Zhen and the modern spinning machine, the roller of the modern transmission spindle is the replacement of the bamboo wheel of the large spinning wheel.

The latest modern dragon belt drive's collective drive is the same as the leather string drive of the large spinning wheel, and their basic spinning principles are the same.

This shows that the large spinning wheel recorded by Wang Zhen was advanced in the basic principles of spinning!!!

More importantly, the Spinning Jenny was invented in 1764, and Wang Zhen's "Wang Zhen Nong Shu" was written around 1300 to 1313, which is more than 400 years earlier than the Spinning Jenny.

However, it is regrettable that this world-leading textile machine has not been handed down and was lost in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.

Even Yan Changqing didn't know about the existence of the big spinning wheel and the big water-spun spinning wheel at the beginning. Instead, he asked the craftsmen to prepare a replica of the spinning Jenny.

After listening to his needs, the craftsman carefully asked him if he wanted to imitate the wooden spinning wheel and the water-turned wooden spinning wheel.

At this time, Yan Changqing learned that more than four hundred years before the invention of the Jenny spinning machine in the West, someone in China had already invented a textile machine with higher efficiency and more advanced principles.

However, even though the large spinning wheel and the large water-spun spinning wheel were invented more than 400 years before the Jenny Textile, the large spinning wheel and the large water-spun spinning wheel did not open up the scientific and industrial revolution for China in the same way that the Jenny Textile promoted machine production in the entire UK. Door.

There are many reasons. For example, one of the most important reasons is that Confucianism and Confucianism are very popular.

Agricultural equipment such as the large spinning wheel and the large water-spinning spinning wheel recorded in "Wang Zhen Nong Shu" can be said to be regarded by Confucianism as strange techniques, heresy, and unappreciated things.

Even though large spinning wheels and large water-spun spinning wheels are beneficial to saving manpower and improving efficiency, they are still not valued by Confucianism, but will be suppressed and refuted!

After all, if things like the big spinning wheel and the big water-spun spinning wheel, which are bizarre, heretical and unattractive things, are taken seriously, then wouldn’t the importance given to Confucianism’s “Saint’s Supreme Principle” of governing the world be reduced by two points?!

How can we accept and tolerate this for all the civil servants and scholars who promote Confucianism’s “saint-perfect principles for governing the world” and subjectively believe that as long as they have the “saint-perfect principles for governing the world” of Confucianism, they are enough to govern the world?!!

Therefore, as long as the mainstream ideological status of Confucianism remains unchanged, it will be difficult for agricultural equipment such as the large spinning wheel and the large water-spinning spinning wheel recorded in the "Wang Zhen Nong Shu" to be spread on a large scale.

Because civil servants and scholars can at any time take off the label of "obscene skills, heresy, and things that cannot be put on the table", and then use this as an excuse to suppress

The second reason is the unstable social order.

"Wang Zhen Nong Shu" was written in the Yuan Dynasty. In addition to the first ten years of the Yuan Dynasty, which was barely stable and orderly, in the following decades, there were expeditions in all directions, corrupt officials, focused on looting, excessive expropriation, and continuous uprisings by the people.

After that, came the chaotic times of the late Yuan Dynasty.

In such a precarious situation where the social order was extremely chaotic and unstable, even if Wang Zhen invented and reproduced a large spinning wheel and a large water-rotated spinning wheel with extremely high production efficiency, it would be difficult to popularize them.

After all, during the reign of the Yuan Dynasty and the subsequent chaotic times at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, ordinary people could not even live a stable life.

People may be staying at home well today, but they may be expropriated tomorrow.

Under such circumstances, who would be interested in large spinning wheels and large water-spinning spinning wheels that can improve the production efficiency of cotton yarn.

After all, the big spinning wheel and the big spinning wheel turned by water cannot allow them to live safely!

Therefore, in the Yuan Dynasty and the subsequent troubled times at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, large spinning wheels and large water-spinning spinning wheels were not widely promoted and used, and they were only used sparingly in local areas.

Not to mention the big spinning wheel and the big water-turned spinning wheel, there are probably only a few people who know about "Wang Zhen Nong Shu".

Like Zhu Yuanzhang at the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Tian Youbajiu didn't know the existence of "Wang Zhen Nong Shu".

Because if Zhu Yuanzhang had known about the existence of the book "Wang Zhen's Book on Agriculture" at the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, then he would never have just ordered the distribution and popularization of the book "Summary of Farming and Mulberry Clothing and Food" across the country. Go to "Wang Zhennong Shu"!!!

As one of the four major agricultural books in ancient China, "Wang Zhen's Agricultural Book" is far more valuable than "Summary of Farming and Mulberry Clothing and Food".

But at least it is not inferior to the book "Summary of Food and Clothing for Farmers", which plays a great role in restoring local agriculture and guiding agricultural development.

Therefore, if Zhu Yuanzhang knew the existence of the book "Wang Zhen Nong Shu" at the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, he would not have ignored the value of this book!

However, at the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang did not distribute and popularize the book "Wang Zhen Nong Shu" nationwide. Therefore, the only possibility is that Zhu Yuanzhang did not know the existence of the "Wang Zhen Nong Shu" at that time.

.....

Zhu Yuanzhang did not know the existence of the book "Wang Zhen Nong Shu", and other people who knew the existence of the book "Wang Zhen Nong Shu" did not pay attention to it.

Coupled with the unstable social order during the Yuan Dynasty and the late Yuan Dynasty, large spinning wheels and large water-spinning spinning wheels were not widely promoted.

Finally, with the passage of time, the few people who once knew and used the large spinning wheel and the large water-spinning spinning wheel passed away one after another. Finally, the large spinning wheel and the large water-spinning spinning wheel were lost in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.

The third reason is that the spinning wheel and the water-to-human spinning wheel are too advanced!

Yes, the large spinning wheel and the large water-rotated spinning wheel are too advanced, which is also one of the important reasons why they cannot be promoted and used on a large scale.

Since ancient times, China has been a country with a large population, or a country with an oversaturated labor force.

and

If we promote big spinning wheels and water-turned spinning wheels, it will lead to a problem, that is unemployment!

For example, in the late Ming Dynasty, some large-scale textile factories with tens of thousands of workers appeared in Suzhou, Songjiang and other areas.

If a 32-brand cart spinning machine is used instead, and the spinning efficiency is increased by 32 times, then the number of workers required will only be one-thirty-second of the original number.

This only requires one-thirty-second of the original number of workers to complete the same amount of work. Isn’t this a good thing?!!

For merchants, this is probably a good thing.

But for the court, it was not a good thing.

Because what merchants need to focus on is reducing costs and increasing profits, while what the court needs to focus on is maintaining social stability and order!

If the spinning efficiency is increased thirty-two times and only one-thirty-second of the original workers are needed, then thirty-one-thirty-two workers will be unemployed.

0.........0

The unemployment of a large number of workers will cause many social problems.

If the imperial court fails to find new industries, jobs, and positions in time to accommodate these unemployed workers and allow them to resume work.

Then these workers who are unemployed and unable to make a living are very likely to gather together to make trouble, or even rebel!

And such a result is definitely something that no ancient feudal dynasty wants to see.

In fact, Jenny Textile Machine encountered similar problems when it first appeared.

At that time, many textile craftsmen destroyed the Jenny loom that took away their jobs, forcing the inventor Hargreaves family to live on the streets.

But Britain persisted, popularizing the Jenny textile machine and triggering the Industrial Revolution.

So could the ancient Chinese feudal dynasty solve this problem by finding new industries, jobs, and positions for these unemployed workers?!!

First of all, not to mention the inertia of officials in ancient feudal dynasties, whether they would have the initiative to rearrange jobs for these large numbers of unemployed workers.

Even if you take the initiative to look for it, can you really find it?!!

As mentioned just now, the efficiency of large spinning wheels and large water-rotated spinning wheels is dozens or hundreds of times that of traditional textile machines.

Such terrifying efficiency, for traditional textile handicraftsmen, is no less than that of a China Construction Company company.

To put it bluntly, once the large spinning wheel and the large water-spun spinning wheel become popular, it will be enough to squeeze out all the people who make a living from the traditional textile handicraft industry!

Based on China's traditional small-scale peasant family economic model in which men farm and women weave, at least millions to tens of millions of female workers will be unemployed as a result.

In addition to what I just said, China has been a country with a large population since ancient times. To put it bluntly, it is a country with an oversaturated labor force. Under such circumstances, other industries can

Can be short of people.

But it absolutely cannot afford millions or even tens of millions of unemployed female workers.

In the traditional Chinese tradition of men farming and women weaving, women's weaving is only an important supplementary source in the small farmer family economy.

Once women's weaving is affected, it will be devastating, if not fatal, to small farmers' families.

And this is not just one or two small farming families, but almost every Xiaoyi family in the world.

If this is not handled well, it will inevitably lead to major turmoil in the originally stable social order!

Coupled with the dominance of Confucianism, it is impossible for the ancient Chinese feudal dynasty to suddenly enter the industrial revolution and transform those unemployed textile handicrafts into factory workers in time

Therefore, even though the promotion of large anti-carriages and large water-turned spinning wheels can greatly improve efficiency and save manpower, the ancient feudal dynasties were not willing to promote large cars and water-turned large spinning wheels.

Compared with improving efficiency and saving manpower, the ancient feudal dynasty would rather have lower efficiency, so that more people can have a job and as few traditional textile handicraftsmen as possible.

be affected, so that the social order can be maintained in a generally stable state.

PS1: The serial is hot, and we urgently need all the handsome guys, beauties, and big guys to order and customize! I wish all the big guys who make full orders and customizations to get rich overnight, good health, and all the best.

Good luck! Thank you all! I kneel down to all the bosses!

'